Skin Cancer Explained
Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer and develops when abnormal skin cells grow in an uncontrolled way. Most skin cancers are related to long-term ultraviolet (UV) exposure from the sun or tanning beds, although other factors can also increase risk.
Skin cancers are abnormal cells that grow uncontrollably in the skin. Most develop as a result of cumulative ultraviolet (UV) exposure from the sun or tanning beds, although other factors can also play a role.
The three most common types of skin cancer are:
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Basal cell carcinoma (BCC): The most common type of skin cancer. It usually grows slowly and rarely spreads to other parts of the body, but it can damage surrounding tissue if left untreated.
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Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC): A common skin cancer that can grow more quickly than BCC. Although many SCCs are successfully treated, some can spread if not treated.
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Melanoma: A cancer that develops from pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. Melanoma is less common than BCC or SCC but can be more serious because it can spread to other parts of the body.
Skin cancer can develop anywhere on the skin, not just in areas that receive a lot of sun. It most commonly occurs on sun-exposed areas such as the face, scalp, ears, neck, chest, arms, and hands.
Skin cancers can also develop in less obvious places, including:
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The back and legs
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Between the fingers and toes
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Under the nails
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On the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
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Around or inside the mouth and other mucosal areas
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On the genital area
Melanoma can develop anywhere on the body, including areas that are not regularly exposed to the sun. For this reason, it is important to pay attention to your entire skin surface and have any new or changing spot evaluated.
If you notice a spot that is new, changing, bleeding, painful, or not healing, schedule an evaluation with a healthcare professional.
Treatment for skin cancer depends on the type of cancer, its size and location, how deeply it has grown, and whether it has spread. Your dermatologist will recommend the treatment that is most appropriate for your individual situation.
Common treatment options include:
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Biopsy/Surgical removal: A biopsy is performed to determine the type of skin cancer, size, location, and depth of growth along with if the skin cancer has spread. Following this, the cancer is removed along with a margin of surrounding skin. This is a common treatment for many basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas.
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Mohs surgery: A specialized technique that removes the cancer layer by layer while preserving as much healthy skin as possible. It is often used for cancers in areas where preserving healthy tissue is especially important or for certain higher-risk cancers.
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Cryotherapy or other localized treatments: Some very early or superficial skin cancers may be treated with freezing or other procedures in carefully selected cases.
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Topical medications: Prescription creams may be appropriate for certain superficial skin cancers or precancerous lesions.
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Radiation therapy: Radiation may be used when surgery is not appropriate or as additional treatment for certain higher-risk cancers.
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Systemic medications: Advanced skin cancers, including some melanomas and squamous cell carcinomas, may require medications that work throughout the body, such as immunotherapy or targeted therapy.
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After Treatment
Regular follow-up is important because people who have had skin cancer have an increased risk of developing another skin cancer. Protecting your skin from UV exposure and performing regular skin checks can also help with early detection.
If you notice a new, changing, bleeding, crusting, or non-healing spot, have it evaluated by a healthcare professional.
Start getting routine skin checks in your 20s, and have an annual skin exam if you have a family history of skin cancer. At home, check your skin once a month for new, changing, or unusual lesions . If you notice anything concerning, schedule an appointment with a dermatologist for evaluation.
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Michael Tee, MD, PhD
Clinical Director & Founder
Dr. Michael Tee focuses on helping patients manage a comprehensive range of skin conditions that can significantly impact daily comfort and confidence. He works extensively with patients experiencing skin changes during pregnancy, helping them navigate the complex dermatological shifts that occur during this important time. His practice also centers on mole evaluation and management, including atypical moles that require careful monitoring and assessment. Dr. Tee regularly treats patients dealing with acne, seborrheic dermatitis, and various forms of eczema, conditions that can affect both appearance and quality of life.